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HISPANIC BLUE-AND-WHITE FAIENCE IN THE CHINESE STYLE
— published in Blue and White Chinese Porcelain and its Impact on the Western World. The University of Chicago: the Smart Gallery, 1985, 43-54.

SUMMARY: In the modern era, potters in Portugal, Spain and Mexico initiated the West’s imitation of Chinese export blue-and-white porcelain thirty to forty years before their counterparts anywhere in Europe or England. From the late sixteenth and throughout the seventeenth century, Iberians and Mexicans added blue-and-white majolica clearly indebted to Chinese models to industries drawing upon a number of earlier styles. Three general categories were the result: faiences largely faithful to eastern prototypes, others which incorporated Chinese forms and decorations equally with national traditions, and still others which allowed the latter motifs to prevail with mere hints of an Oriental ancestry.